This 19th-century tray from Syria shows how Islamic artists used essentially abstract ornamental patterns combined with calligraphy. Stars and flowers become part of a geometric design that also incorporates the name of Allah, the one true God. Islamic art generally avoided figurative imagery, but, as you see in the tray, capitalized on a brilliant tradition of linear decorative designs, often called arabesques.

Excerpt from

• Anne Bromberg, Label text.